Resource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplink transmission

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a connection release message, the connection release message including a resource indicator indicating that a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state. The UE may transition from a connected state to a disconnected state based at least in part on the connection release message. The UE may perform, while operating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources.

CROSS REFERENCE

The present Application for Patent claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/737,101 by SENGUPTA, et al.,entitled “RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ACCESS CONTROL AND MOBILITY FORGRANT-FREE UPLINK TRANSMISSION,” filed Sep. 26, 2018, assigned to theassignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein.

BACKGROUND

The following relates generally to wireless communications, and morespecifically to resource management, access control and mobility forgrant-free uplink transmission.

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable ofsupporting communication with multiple users by sharing the availablesystem resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of suchmultiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such asLong Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, orLTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may bereferred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employtechnologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time divisionmultiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA),orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discreteFourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-accesscommunications system may include a number of base stations or networkaccess nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiplecommunication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment(UE).

Wireless communication systems may use various transmission schemes tosupport communications between a UE and base station. In some examples,the transmission schemes may support uplink transmissions based, atleast in some aspects, on a random access procedure. For example, somelegacy transmission schemes may support a four-step uplink random accessprocedure that allows data transmission in message five (Msg5) of therandom access procedure. Another legacy transmission scheme may supportearly data transmission, which generally utilizes a two-step uplinkaccess procedure that allows data transmission in message three (Msg3)of the random access procedure.

In some examples, the transmission scheme may support uplink datatransmissions in message one (Msg1) using configured resources. Certainaspects of this transmission scheme may be supported when the UE has avalid timing advance (TA), such as when the UE is stationary. Thistransmission scheme may also be considered a grantless or grant-freetransmission, which may also be referred to as an autonomous uplink(AUL) transmission. However, conventional techniques do not provide amechanism for the grant-free uplink transmissions to be performed whilethe UE is operating in a disconnected state using resources configuredfor the UE.

SUMMARY

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices,and apparatuses that support resource management, access control andmobility for grant-free uplink transmission. Generally, the describedtechniques provide for higher layer management of resources used by theUE to perform autonomous uplink (AUL) transmissions while the UE isoperating in a disconnected state. For example, a set of resources maybe configured for the UE to use when operating in a disconnected state.The resources may be configured while the UE is operating in a connectedstate (such as a radio resource control (RRC) connected state) and/orupon release of the UE from the connected state. Upon a release of theconnected state, the UE may transition to a disconnected state (e.g.,such as an RRC idle or inactive mode or state). In some aspects, thesignal releasing the UE from the connected state (e.g., a connectionrelease message) may carry an explicit or implicit indication of whetherthe configured resources are to be used by the UE while operating in thedisconnected state. The UE may receive the connection release messageand determine whether a resource indicator in the connection releasemessage indicates that the set of resources are activated or inactive(e.g., are available or are released) for the UE. When available, the UEmay perform grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resourceswhile operating in the disconnected state. Aspects of the describedtechniques also provide mechanisms for the release and/or expiration ofthe resources, handover control, cell reselection, and the like.

A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method mayinclude receiving a connection release message, the connection releasemessage including a resource indicator indicating that a set ofresources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UEwhile operating in a disconnected state, transitioning from a connectedstate to a disconnected state based on the connection release message,and performing, while operating in the disconnected state, thegrant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources.

An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. Theapparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communicationwith the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. Theinstructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatusto receive a connection release message, the connection release messageincluding a resource indicator indicating that a set of resources are tobe used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UE while operating ina disconnected state, transition from a connected state to adisconnected state based on the connection release message, and perform,while operating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplinktransmissions using the set of resources.

Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. Theapparatus may include means for receiving a connection release message,the connection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state,transitioning from a connected state to a disconnected state based onthe connection release message, and performing, while operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set ofresources.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wirelesscommunication at a UE is described. The code may include instructionsexecutable by a processor to receive a connection release message, theconnection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state,transition from a connected state to a disconnected state based on theconnection release message, and perform, while operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set ofresources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that theresource indicator in the connection release message indicatesinformation associated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for confirming, based onthe determining, that the set of resources may be available to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while operating in the disconnectedstate.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for releasing, based on thedetermining, the set of resources to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that theresource indicator in the connection release message implicitlyindicates information associated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for releasing, based on thedetermining, the set of resources to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for confirming, based onthe determining, that the set of resources may be available to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while operating in the disconnectedstate.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting aconnection release acknowledgment message responsive to receiving theconnection release message.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that aretransmission request message was not received from the base stationduring a time period and transitioning to the disconnected state at anend of the time period based on the determining.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the time period includes atleast one of a time period configured by a network entity, or apreconfigured time period, or a combination thereof.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, whileoperating in the connected state, at least one of a request foradditional resources, or a traffic level indicator, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the grant-free uplinktransmissions include at least one of a request for additionalresources, or a traffic level indicator, or a combination thereof.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting at leastone of a request for additional resources, or a traffic level indicator,or a combination thereof, in a UE capability signal.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for performing a handoverfrom the base station to a neighboring base station and transmitting anindication that the set of resources may be to be configured by theneighboring base station in response to the UE performing the handover.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the indication may betransmitted in a RRC message or in a disconnected state release/keepalive message.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that theset of resource may be unused for a time period and releasing the set ofresources based on the determining.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a releasemessage from the base station de-configuring the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving areconfiguration message from the base station reconfiguring one or moreparameters associated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that aclock drift level may have degraded below a threshold level andreleasing the set of resource based on the determining.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for adjusting a cellreselection parameter based on the set of resources being configured foruse for grant-free uplink transmissions.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from thebase station, a transition request message and transitioning to theconnected state based on the transition request message.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, while the UEmay be operating in the connected state, a message configuring the setof resources to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions, whereresource indicator identifies whether the set of resources may beactivated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the set of resources includea demodulation reference signal (DMRS) identifier and corresponding DMRSresource to use for the grant-free uplink transmission, the DMRSidentifier including at least one of a DMRS sequence, or a cyclic shift,or a frequency-domain comb pattern, or an orthogonal cover code patternacross time, or a Zadoff-Chu root, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the message includes a radioresource control message.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the set of resources includea DMRS identifier and corresponding DMRS resource to use for thegrant-free uplink transmission, the DMRS identifier including at leastone of a DMRS sequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain combpattern, or an orthogonal cover code pattern across time, or aZadoff-Chu root, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the connection releasemessage includes the resource indicator identifying the set ofresources.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the grant-free uplinktransmissions include a RACH message 1 (Msg1) transmission.

A method of wireless communication at a base station is described. Themethod may include configuring a set of resources for a UE to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state, transmitting a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state, and receiving, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE.

An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is described.The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electroniccommunication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to configure a set of resources for a UE to use for grant-freeuplink transmissions while the UE is operating in a disconnected state,transmit a connection release message that includes a resource indicatorto the UE, the resource indicator indicating the set of resourcesconfigured for the UE, the connection release message transitioning theUE from a connected state to the disconnected state, and receive, whilethe UE is operating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplinktransmissions from the UE using the set of resources configured for theUE.

Another apparatus for wireless communication at a base station isdescribed. The apparatus may include means for configuring a set ofresources for a UE to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while theUE is operating in a disconnected state, transmitting a connectionrelease message that includes a resource indicator to the UE, theresource indicator indicating the set of resources configured for theUE, the connection release message transitioning the UE from a connectedstate to the disconnected state, and receiving, while the UE isoperating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissionsfrom the UE using the set of resources configured for the UE.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wirelesscommunication at a base station is described. The code may includeinstructions executable by a processor to configure a set of resourcesfor a UE to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE isoperating in a disconnected state, transmit a connection release messagethat includes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state, and receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for configuring theresource indicator in the connection release message to implicitlyindicate information associated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for releasing, based on theconfiguring, the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for confirming, based onthe configuring, that the set of resources may be available to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while operating in the disconnectedstate.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for configuring theresource indicator in the connection release message to indicateinformation associated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for confirming, based onthe configuring, that the set of resources may be available to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while the UE may be operating in thedisconnected state.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for releasing, based on theconfiguring, the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a connectionrelease acknowledgment message responsive to transmitting the connectionrelease message.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, while the UEmay be operating in the connected state, at least one of a request foradditional resources, or a traffic level indicator, or a combinationthereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the grant-free uplinktransmissions includes at least one of a request for additionalresources, a traffic level indicator, or a combination thereof.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving at least oneof a request for additional resources, or a traffic level indicator, ora combination thereof, in a UE capability signal.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the UEmay have performed a handover from the base station to a neighboringbase station and transmitting an indication that the set of resourcesmay be released in response to the UE performing the handover.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that theset of resource may be unused for a time period and releasing the set ofresources based on the determining.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a releasemessage to the UE de-configuring the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the UEmay be associated with a defined access class, where the release messagemay be transmitted based on the determining.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the UEmay have transitioned from the disconnected state to the connectedstate, where the release message may be transmitted based on thedetermining.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for determining that apaging message may be to be transmitted to the UE, where the releasemessage may be transmitted based on the determining and the pagingmessage includes the release message, at least in some aspects.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting areconfiguration message to the UE reconfiguring one or more parametersassociated with the set of resources.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to theUE, a transition request message.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein may further includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, while theUE may be operating in the connected state, a message configuring theset of resources to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions, whereresource indicator identifies whether the set of resources may beactivated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the set of resources includea DMRS identifier and corresponding DMRS resource to use for thegrant-free uplink transmission, the DMRS identifier including at leastone of a DMRS sequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain combpattern, or an orthogonal cover code pattern across time, or aZadoff-Chu root, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the message includes a radioresource control message.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the set of resources includea DMRS identifier and corresponding DMRS resource to use for thegrant-free uplink transmission, the DMRS identifier including at leastone of a DMRS sequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain combpattern, or an orthogonal cover code pattern across time, or aZadoff-Chu root, or a combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described herein, the connection releasemessage includes the resource indicator identifying the set ofresources.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communicationsthat supports resource management, access control and mobility forgrant-free uplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system thatsupports resource management, access control and mobility for grant-freeuplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a method that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 13 through 16 show flowcharts illustrating methods that supportresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Wireless communication systems may use various transmission schemes tosupport communications between a user equipment (UE) and base station.For example, the transmission schemes may support uplink transmissionsbased, at least in some aspects, on a random access procedure. Forexample, some legacy transmission schemes may support a four-step uplinkrandom access procedure that allows data transmission in message five(Msg5) of the random access procedure. Another legacy transmissionscheme may support early data transmission, which generally utilizes atwo-step uplink access procedure that allows data transmission inmessage three (Msg3) of the random access procedure. This 2-step uplinkaccess procedure may also be referred to as an early data transmission(EDT).

In some examples, the transmission scheme may support uplinktransmissions in message one (Msg1) using configured resources. Certainaspects of this transmission scheme may be supported when the UE has avalid timing advance (TA), such as when the UE is stationary. Thistransmission scheme may also be considered a grantless or grant-freetransmission in that at least some of the resources are configured forthe UE, which may also be referred to as an autonomous uplink (AUL)transmission. However, conventional techniques do not provide amechanism for the UE to perform grant-free uplink transmissions whilethe UE is operating in a disconnected state (e.g., such as a radioresource control (RRC) idle or inactive state).

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of awireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure provide forRRC-based negotiations for contention free resources. For example, theUE may be operating in a connected state (e.g. an RRC connected state)with an associated base station. Either while the UE is operating in theconnected state and/or upon a release of the UE from the connectedstate, a set of resources may be configured for the UE to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state (e.g., an RRC idle or inactive state). In someaspects, a connection release message may be used to carry or otherwiseconvey an indication of a resource indicator that indicates whether ornot the set of resources are to be used for the grant-free uplinktransmissions. The resource indicator may be explicit (e.g., a bit, afield, parameter, and the like) and/or may be implicit (e.g., may beabsent or set to a NULL value). The UE may receive the connectionrelease message and use the resource indicator to determine whether ornot the set of resources are active (e.g., available) or inactive (e.g.,released) for the UE. The UE may then transition from the connectedstate to the disconnected state responsive to the connection releasemessage. When the set of resources are active (e.g., as is indicated bythe resource indicator in the connection release message), the UE mayperform the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resourceswhile operating in the disconnected state. The grant-free uplinktransmissions may include uplink data transmissions, a Msg1transmission, a request for additional resources, a traffic levelindicator, and the like.

Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described withreference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts thatrelate to resource management, access control and mobility forgrant-free uplink transmission.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100that supports resource management, access control and mobility forgrant-free uplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The wireless communications system 100 includes basestations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, thewireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE)network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a NewRadio (NR) network. In some cases, wireless communications system 100may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g.,mission critical) communications, low latency communications, orcommunications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one ormore base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein mayinclude or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a basetransceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radiotransceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation Node B orgiga-nodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB,a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wirelesscommunications system 100 may include base stations 105 of differenttypes (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs 115 describedherein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs,relay base stations, and the like.

Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographiccoverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 issupported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage fora respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125,and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 mayutilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wirelesscommunications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward linktransmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse linktransmissions.

The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be dividedinto sectors making up only a portion of the geographic coverage area110, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, eachbase station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, asmall cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinationsthereof In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable andtherefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographiccoverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies maybe supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, aheterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in which different typesof base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverageareas 110.

The term “cell” refers to a logical communication entity used forcommunication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier), and may beassociated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells(e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier(VCID)) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples,a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may beconfigured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-typecommunication (MTC), narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), enhancedmobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access fordifferent types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” may refer toa portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over whichthe logical entity operates.

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also bereferred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, ahandheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitableterminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, astation, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also be a personalelectronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. Insome examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL)station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything(IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented invarious articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or lowcomplexity devices, and may provide for automated communication betweenmachines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2Mcommunication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies thatallow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTCmay include communications from devices that integrate sensors or metersto measure or capture information and relay that information to acentral server or application program that can make use of theinformation or present the information to humans interacting with theprogram or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collectinformation or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples ofapplications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventorymonitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcaremonitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological eventmonitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing,physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reducepower consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode thatsupports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but nottransmission and reception simultaneously). In some examples half-duplexcommunications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other powerconservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving“deep sleep” mode when not engaging in active communications, oroperating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowbandcommunications). In some cases, UEs 115 may be designed to supportcritical functions (e.g., mission critical functions), and a wirelesscommunications system 100 may be configured to provide ultra-reliablecommunications for these functions.

In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly withother UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device(D2D) protocol). One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2Dcommunications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a basestation 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographiccoverage area 110 of a base station 105, or be otherwise unable toreceive transmissions from a base station 105. In some cases, groups ofUEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many(1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in thegroup. In some cases, a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling ofresources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications arecarried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station105.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with oneanother. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the corenetwork 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, oranother interface). Base stations 105 may communicate with one anotherover backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) eitherdirectly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g.,via core network 130).

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, accessauthorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and otheraccess, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be anevolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobilitymanagement entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and atleast one

Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may manage non-accessstratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility,authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by basestations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be transferredthrough the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GWmay provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GWmay be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IPservices may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.

At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, mayinclude subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be anexample of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entitymay communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access networktransmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smartradio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP). In someconfigurations, various functions of each access network entity or basestation 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g.,radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into asingle network device (e.g., a base station 105).

Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or morefrequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-highfrequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths rangefrom approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves maybe blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features.However, the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macrocell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHFwaves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g.,less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequenciesand longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF)portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super highfrequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, alsoknown as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be usedopportunistically by devices that can tolerate interference from otherusers.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely highfrequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz),also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, wirelesscommunications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW)communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF antennasof the respective devices may be even smaller and more closely spacedthan UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antennaarrays within a UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissionsmay be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter rangethan SHF or UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may beemployed across transmissions that use one or more different frequencyregions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions maydiffer by country or regulating body.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize bothlicensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example,wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access(LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technologyin an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating inunlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as basestations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) proceduresto ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In somecases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a CA configurationin conjunction with CCs operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA).Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions,uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination ofthese. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequencydivision duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or acombination of both.

In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped withmultiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such astransmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communications, or beamforming. For example, wirelesscommunications system 100 may use a transmission scheme between atransmitting device (e.g., a base station 105) and a receiving device(e.g., a UE 115), where the transmitting device is equipped withmultiple antennas and the receiving devices are equipped with one ormore antennas. MIMO communications may employ multipath signalpropagation to increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting orreceiving multiple signals via different spatial layers, which may bereferred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, forexample, be transmitted by the transmitting device via differentantennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiplesignals may be received by the receiving device via different antennasor different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals maybe referred to as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bitsassociated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) ordifferent data streams. Different spatial layers may be associated withdifferent antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMOtechniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatiallayers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-userMIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multipledevices.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering,directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signalprocessing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or areceiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape orsteer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along aspatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device.Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated viaantenna elements of an antenna array such that signals propagating atparticular orientations with respect to an antenna array experienceconstructive interference while others experience destructiveinterference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antennaelements may include a transmitting device or a receiving deviceapplying certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via eachof the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustmentsassociated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by abeamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g.,with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device orreceiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antennaarrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communicationswith a UE 115. For instance, some signals (e.g. synchronization signals,reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) maybe transmitted by a base station 105 multiple times in differentdirections, which may include a signal being transmitted according todifferent beamforming weight sets associated with different directionsof transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be usedto identify (e.g., by the base station 105 or a receiving device, suchas a UE 115) a beam direction for subsequent transmission and/orreception by the base station 105. Some signals, such as data signalsassociated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by abase station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a directionassociated with the receiving device, such as a UE 115). In someexamples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along asingle beam direction may be determined based at least in in part on asignal that was transmitted in different beam directions. For example, aUE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the basestation 105 in different directions, and the UE 115 may report to thebase station 105 an indication of the signal it received with a highestsignal quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. Althoughthese techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted inone or more directions by a base station 105, a UE 115 may employsimilar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in differentdirections (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequenttransmission or reception by the UE 115), or transmitting a signal in asingle direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, which may be an example of a mmWreceiving device) may try multiple receive beams when receiving varioussignals from the base station 105, such as synchronization signals,reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. Forexample, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions byreceiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing receivedsignals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving accordingto different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals receivedat a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processingreceived signals according to different receive beamforming weight setsapplied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of anantenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” accordingto different receive beams or receive directions. In some examples areceiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a singlebeam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receivebeam may be aligned in a beam direction determined based at least inpart on listening according to different receive beam directions (e.g.,a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highestsignal-to-noise ratio, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based atleast in part on listening according to multiple beam directions).

In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may belocated within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMOoperations, or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or morebase station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antennaassembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antennaarrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diversegeographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array witha number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115.Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may supportvarious MIMO or beamforming operations.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-basednetwork that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the userplane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol(PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may insome cases perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicateover logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may performpriority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transportchannels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve linkefficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC)protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenanceof an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or corenetwork 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At thePhysical (PHY) layer, transport channels may be mapped to physicalchannels.

In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support retransmissionsof data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully.HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data isreceived correctly over a communication link 125. HARQ may include acombination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check(CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g.,automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAClayer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions). Insome cases, a wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, wherethe device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for datareceived in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the devicemay provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to someother time interval.

Time intervals in LTE or NR may be expressed in multiples of a basictime unit, which may, for example, refer to a sampling period ofT_(s)=1/30,720,000 seconds. Time intervals of a communications resourcemay be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10milliseconds (ms), where the frame period may be expressed asT_(f)=307,200 T_(s). The radio frames may be identified by a systemframe number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include 10subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots each having aduration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbolperiods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended toeach symbol period). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period maycontain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be thesmallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100, andmay be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In othercases, a smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g.,in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or in selected component carriersusing sTTIs).

In some wireless communications systems, a slot may further be dividedinto multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In someinstances, a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot may be the smallestunit of scheduling. Each symbol may vary in duration depending on thesubcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation, for example. Further,some wireless communications systems may implement slot aggregation inwhich multiple slots or mini-slots are aggregated together and used forcommunication between a UE 115 and a base station 105.

The term “carrier” refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resourceshaving a defined physical layer structure for supporting communicationsover a communication link 125. For example, a carrier of a communicationlink 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band thatis operated according to physical layer channels for a given radioaccess technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data,control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associatedwith a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an E-UTRA absolute radiofrequency channel number (EARFCN)), and may be positioned according to achannel raster for discovery by UEs 115. Carriers may be downlink oruplink (e.g., in an FDD mode), or be configured to carry downlink anduplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode). In some examples, signalwaveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiplesub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques suchas OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM).

The organizational structure of the carriers may be different fordifferent radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR,etc.). For example, communications over a carrier may be organizedaccording to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as wellas control information or signaling to support decoding the user data. Acarrier may also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g.,synchronization signals or system information, etc.) and controlsignaling that coordinates operation for the carrier. In some examples(e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also haveacquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operationsfor other carriers.

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to varioustechniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel maybe multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using time divisionmultiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM)techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, controlinformation transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributedbetween different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between acommon control region or common search space and one or more UE-specificcontrol regions or UE-specific search spaces).

A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radiofrequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may bereferred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wirelesscommunications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be oneof a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particularradio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz). Insome examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating overportions or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol typethat is associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., set ofsubcarriers or RB s) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of anarrowband protocol type).

In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist ofone symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and onesubcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inverselyrelated. The number of bits carried by each resource element may dependon the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme).Thus, the more resource elements that a UE 115 receives and the higherthe order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be forthe UE 115. In MIMO systems, a wireless communications resource mayrefer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a timeresource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers), and the use ofmultiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate forcommunications with a UE 115.

Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., base stations105 or UEs 115) may have a hardware configuration that supportscommunications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may beconfigurable to support communications over one of a set of carrierbandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 mayinclude base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 that can support simultaneouscommunications via carriers associated with more than one differentcarrier bandwidth.

Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to ascarrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may beconfigured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCsaccording to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregationmay be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhancedcomponent carriers (eCCs). An eCC may be characterized by one or morefeatures including wider carrier or frequency channel bandwidth, shortersymbol duration, shorter TTI duration, or modified control channelconfiguration. In some cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrieraggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g.,when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaullink). An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum orshared spectrum (e.g., where more than one operator is allowed to usethe spectrum). An eCC characterized by wide carrier bandwidth mayinclude one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that arenot capable of monitoring the whole carrier bandwidth or are otherwiseconfigured to use a limited carrier bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power).

In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than otherCCs, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared withsymbol durations of the other CCs. A shorter symbol duration may beassociated with increased spacing between adjacent subcarriers. Adevice, such as a UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs maytransmit wideband signals (e.g., according to frequency channel orcarrier bandwidths of 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc.) at reduced symboldurations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds). A TTI in eCC may consist of one ormultiple symbol periods. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, thenumber of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable.

Wireless communications systems such as an NR system may utilize anycombination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrum bands, amongothers. The flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacingmay allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums. In someexamples, NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization andspectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., acrossthe frequency domain) and horizontal (e.g., across the time domain)sharing of resources.

In some aspects, a UE 115 may receive a connection release message, theconnection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE 115 while operating in a disconnected state. TheUE 115 may transition from a connected state to a disconnected statebased at least in part on the connection release message. The UE 115 mayperform, while operating in the disconnected state, the grant-freeuplink transmissions using the set of resources.

In some aspects, a base station 105 may configure a set of resources fora UE 115 to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE 115 isoperating in a disconnected state. The base station 105 may transmit aconnection release message that includes a resource indicator to the UE115, the resource indicator indicating the set of resources configuredfor the UE 115 and transitioning the UE 115 from the connected state tothe disconnected state. The base station 105 may receive, while the UE115 is operating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplinktransmissions from the UE 115 using the set of resources configured forthe UE 115.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200that supports resource management, access control and mobility forgrant-free uplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some examples, wireless communication system 200 mayimplement aspects of wireless communication system 100. Wirelesscommunication system 200 may include base station 205 and UE 210, whichmay be examples of the corresponding devices described herein.

Wireless communication system 200 may implement one or more transmissionschemes that support uplink and/or downlink transmissions between basestation 205 and UE 210. The transmission schemes may include legacytransmission schemes and/or non-legacy (e.g., NR) transmission schemes.Some transmission schemes may support uplink transmissions based on arandom access procedure. One example legacy transmission scheme maysupport a four-step uplink random access procedure that allows datatransmission in Msg5 of the random access procedure. Another examplelegacy transmission scheme may support EDT, which generally utilizes atwo-step uplink access procedure that allows data transmission in Msg3of the random access procedure.

Another example transmission scheme may support uplink datatransmissions in Msg1 using configured resources. For example, thistransmission scheme may be supported when the UE 210 has a valid TA,such as when the UE 210 is stationary. This transmission scheme may alsobe considered a grantless or grant-free transmission (e.g., AULtransmission) in that at least some of the resources are configured forUE 210, rather than being granted to or captured by UE 210 for thegrant-free uplink transmission.

Accordingly, UE 210 may be configured to transmit an grant-free uplinktransmission to base station 205 using a configured resource set. Theconfigured resource set may be selected from a set of availableconfigured resource sets. For example, base station 205 and/or a networkentity may configure a resource set for UEs (such as UE 210) to use forperforming grant-free uplink transmissions, e.g., uplink datatransmissions, Msg1 transmissions, and the like. In some aspects, theresource set may be configured while the UE 210 is operating in aconnected state (e.g., in RRC connected state or mode). In some aspects,this may include base station 205 and UE 210 exchanging one or more RRCmessages to configure the set of resources for UE 210 to use whileoperating in the disconnected state (e.g., such as an RRC idle orinactive mode or state).

In other aspects, the set of resources may be configured upon releasefrom the connected state. For example, base station 205 may transmit(and UE 210 may receive) a connection release message that may include aresource indicator that identifies the set of resources and/or conveysan indication of whether the resources are activated (e.g., available)or inactive (e.g., released) while UE 210 is operating in thedisconnected state.

In some aspects, the set of resources configured for UE 210 to use forperforming grant-free uplink transmissions while in the disconnectedstate may include time and/or frequency resources. In some aspects, theset of resources configured for UE 210 to use for performing grant-freeuplink transmissions while in the disconnected state may include theassignment of a DMRS sequence and pattern. For example, the set ofresources may be configured during RRC Connection Release/RRC suspension(e.g., via RRC Connection Release message). The establishment of the setof resources (e.g., Msg1 resources) by RRC may also include theassignment of a particular DMRS sequence and pattern. The set ofresources may be established in a way that unique DMRSsequences/patterns are assigned to UEs, while the data resources may beunique (dedicated contention-free) or may at least partially overlapacross UEs (shared contention-free)—the DMRS may be used for contentionresolution.

In some aspects, UE 210 may transition from a connected state to adisconnected state. For example, base station 205 may transmit (and UE210 may receive) a connection release message that carries or otherwiseconveys the resource indicator that indicates whether the configured setof resources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions whilethe UE 210 is operating in the disconnected state. UE 210 may transitionfrom the connected state to the disconnected state in response toreceiving the connection release message.

As discussed, UE 210 may use the resource indicator carried or otherwiseconveyed in the connection release message to determine whether theconfigured set of resources are active (e.g., available) or inactive(e.g., released) during the disconnected state of UE 210. In someaspects, the connection release message (e.g., RRC Connection Releasemessage) may contain an implicit and/or explicit indication (e.g.,implicit and/or explicit resource indicator). Based at least in part onthe resource indicator (either implicit and/or explicit), UE 210 maydetermine at least one of the following, regarding the contention-freeset of resources: UE 210 may continue to use the assigned Msg1 dataresources (e.g., the set of resources) already (or previously) assigned;UE 210 may confirm the validity or invalidity of the Msg1 data resourcesalready (or previously) assigned; de-configure (or release) the Msg1data resources already (or previously) assigned; and/or assign a newMsg1 data resource.

As one example, upon receipt of the connection release message (e.g., anRRC Connection Release message), if there is no (e.g., an implicitindication of information associated with the set of resources) resourceindicator for UE 210 to use regarding its Msg1 resources (e.g., set ofresources), the existing Msg1 resources assigned to UE 210 arede-configured; whereas an indication—on the other hand—may imply either(i) confirmation that the existing set of resources remain valid, or(ii) that new resources have been assigned.

As another example, upon receipt of the connection release message(e.g., an RRC Connection Release message), if there is no (e.g., animplicit indication) resource indicator for UE 210 to use regarding itsMsg1 resources, UE 210 may keep using the previously assigned resources(e.g., confirm that the set of resources are available); whereas anindication—on the other hand—may imply either (i) de-configuration ofthe set of resources, or (ii) a change in the set of resources. In someaspects, wireless communication system 200 may be configured to supportUE 210 retaining an “old” RRC configuration. The chosen mechanismwhereby the resource indicator is used to signal that the set ofresources is active or inactive may be known by the UE 210 and basestation 205 beforehand, thus can be interpreted correctly.

In some aspects, the confirmation of the validity of the configured setof resources by the connection release message may protect againstcertain base station 205 events, such as a base station 205 reset. Theconfirmation of validity of the configured set of resources can be asubset (or hash/ID) of the set of resources.

In some aspects, the fidelity of the RRC Connection Release message maybe important. Accordingly, wireless communication system 200 may supportmechanisms for indicating an RRC Connection Release “complete” from UE210, e.g., a connection release acknowledgment message, responsive tothe connection release message. In a first option, the connectionrelease acknowledgment message may include a L2/L3 ACK from UE 210followed by a waiting period (e.g., a time period), e.g., to ensure thatbase station 205 doesn't ask for a retransmission. In some aspects, thisprocedure (L2/L3 ACK and/or waiting period) may be used if the RRCconnection release includes information pertaining to Msg1 resources forgrant-free data (e.g., the set of resources). Otherwise, UE 210 mayfollow legacy procedures. In some aspects the L2/L3 ACK from UE 210 maybe configurable. For example, base station 205 may explicitly ask forthe connection release acknowledgment message to be sent/not sent insome instances. In a second option, base station 205 may transmit aradio link control (RLC) polling bit along with the RLC packet carryingthe RRC connection release message. In some aspects, the first optionand the second option may be employed separately or together, e.g., theyare not mutually exclusive of each other.

In some aspects, wireless communication system 200 may be configured tosupport UE assistance information, e.g., for UE 210 to provide trafficinfo, CE level etc., to base station 205. In a first option, this mayinclude a procedure that UE 210 can initiate to request additionalresources. In the request for additional resources, UE 210 may includeor otherwise convey an indication of traffic information data (e.g.,traffic level indicator). In some aspects, this request may be sent inone of the Msg1data resources (e.g., an grant-free uplink transmissionusing the set of resources) assigned to UE 210 as well. In some aspects,the request for additional resources and/or traffic level indicator maybe transmitted while the UE 210 is operating in the connected stateand/or based at least in part on the UE capability signal. In a secondoption, this may include information regarding the traffic needs beingsignaled in UE capability signaling. In some aspects, the trafficrelated information (e.g., traffic level indicator) may include one ormore of the following: traffic periodicity (or traffic arrival pattern);traffic probability (e.g., if UE 210 will always transmit or sometimeswill not have data for transmission); a delay tolerance; a packet size,and the like.

Accordingly, the configured resource set may include time/frequencyresources for UE 210 to use for the grantless or grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state. In someaspects, the configured resource set may be used by the UEs (such as UE210) for transmitting reference signals (e.g., DMRS) as well as data. Insome aspects, the configured resource set may be based on, or otherwiseassociated with, an identifier of the reference signals. For example,each reference signal (e.g., DMRS) may have an associated index (e.g.,DMRS sequence) that UE 210 selects when using the configured resourceset. Each DMRS sequence in a configured resource set may be associatedwith a certain comb (e.g., selection of channels within a bandwidth),with an orthogonal cover code (OCC), with a frequency or cyclic shift,with a Zadoff-Chu root, and the like. In selecting a particularreference signal identifier (e.g., DMRS sequence), UE 210 mayautomatically use resources linked or otherwise associated with thereference signal identifier to transmit data signals (e.g., thegrant-free uplink transmissions). As this link is configured, a basestation (such as base station 205) receiving DMRSs from UE 210automatically knows that UE 210 is performing an grant-free uplinktransmission on the configured resource set. Accordingly, base station205 may use the reference signals to determine the channel conditions,and then use the channel conditions to detect and decode the associateddata signals.

In some aspects, wireless communication system 200 may be configured tosupport a release of the configured set of resources. In some aspects,the configured set of resources may be released based on a handoverprocedure where UE 210 performs a handover from base station 205 to aneighboring base station (not shown). In some aspects, the configuredset of resources may be released after the expiration of the time periodin which the resources are not used. In some aspects, the configured setof resources may be released based at least in part on one or moreconditions identified by UE 210 (e.g., excessive clock drift, andout-of-synchronization condition, and the like).

In some aspects, resource release may typically occur or otherwise bebased on when UE 210 moves out of the current serving cell (e.g., out ofthe coverage area of base station 205). For “SIB-only” resources (e.g.,shared, contention-based), no resource release mechanism may be needed,in some examples.

When RRC signaling is used to release the configured set of resources(contention-free), several options may be available. In a first option,a new higher layer message from UE 210 may be used to explicitly signalor otherwise inform base station 205 of a cell change. For example, thisis to be performed upon cell reselection by UE 210. To avoid “ping-pong”(back and forth reselections between cells) during reselection, a“prohibit timer” may be used. For example, UE 210 may start a timerafter each cell reselection, and may not reselect to an old cell (e.g.,base station 205) while the timer it is running (e.g., during a timeperiod). In some aspects, the timer may be configurable, e.g.,configured by a network entity, base station 205, and/or may bepreconfigured for UE 210.

In some aspects, this may include establishing a “connection” explicitlyfor this purpose. One alternative to this technique may be to transmitthis information the next time a connection is established (for e.g.,Mobile Originated data). This may be handled by network implementation.For example, the connection may be established with a second basestation, and then the second base station may forward this message (e.g.through MME or through X2) to the source base station (e.g., basestation 205), which can release the configured set of resources.

In a second option for resource release, the resource release mayinclude provisioning of an idle mode “release/keep-alive” message fromUE 210. This may typically be a small transport block size (TB S) (e.g.,1 bit) discontinuous transmission (DTX) message from UE 210 at specifiedintervals. Base station 205 may monitor for this message and determinewhether UE 210 is still alive or has released the resources. Forexample, transmission of this signal may signal “Msg1 resource release,”whereas no transmission may signal “keep alive.” In some aspects, UE 210power saving may be achieved by not transmitting the signal during UE210 keep alive. In another example, the transmission of the message maybe considered as a “keep-alive” beacon, whereas no transmission forN>1consecutive occasions may signal “Msg1 resource release.” In someaspects, using N>1 may avoid missed keep-alive transmissions from UE210. In some aspects, this UE 210 message may also be extended to carrymore than 1 bit of information, e.g., this message from UE 210 may beused to indicate a UE coverage level change, narrowband change, carrierchange, etc.

In some aspects, transmission of the release/keep alive message may besent according to two options. In a first option, some of the UEsassigned Msg1 resources may use a possibly separate “format” with asmall TBS. This may need facilitating/transmitting control-plane data inaddition to user-place data in the grant-free Msg1 uplink resources(e.g., the configured set of resources). In a second option, a newidle-mode “control channel” that is assigned to UEs to explicitly reporton Msg1 resources may be used. Such channels may, in some examples, alsocarry some UE assistance information, e.g., a request for additionalresources and/or traffic level indicator.

In a third option for resource release, this may be similar to optiontwo, but may use or otherwise be based on a counter/timer (e.g., timeperiod). For example, if UE 210 does not use the resources for N times/Tseconds (N/T can be fixed and/or configured by base station 205 oranother network entity), then the base station 205 may release theconfigured set of resources. From a UE perspective, this can be seen as“if UE 210 does not receive ACK for grant-free data . . . ” or “if UE210 does not complete the grant-free data procedure . . . ” during Ntimes or within T seconds. In some aspects, UE 210 may have resourcesthat it will not use due to UE 210 having no data for transmission. Toavoid release of Msg1 resources, UE 210 may periodically transmit adummy payload (padding) to let base station 205 know that it is stillusing those resources. This dummy payload may be a separate “format” inthe Msg1 data configurations, with its own TBS, etc.

In some aspects, the resource release may be based on access control.For example, there may be a lot of higher priority UEs 210 in the cell,and the base station 205 may want to not use the already reserved(assigned) resources for some UEs 210. This may be supported accordingto various options. In a first option, access class barring (ACB) forgrant-free Msg1 data may be supported. This indication may be separatefrom legacy ACB. This may include assigning “relevant” classes to UEs210 depending on cases when such release mechanisms may be needed. Thismechanism may bar different UEs 210 belonging to different trafficpriority classes/coverage enhancement from using grant-free resources.

In a second option, the set of resources may be released in a UE/UEgroup-specific manner. As one example, upon RRC connection of the UE 210(or after transmission of EDT/Msg1 grant-free), the base station 205 mayindicate release of Msg1 resources. In another example, base station 205may use base station initiated paging to indicate the release of Msg1resources. The paging message may be extended to include a new “cause,”e.g., a “release Msg1/EDT resource” cause. The paging may be “UE groupspecific”—in this case, the new paging message may release Msg1resources for that group of UEs. The paging may use a new paging messagehandling procedure. For example, the paging message may not triggerPRACH, since UE 210 already has valid TA. In some aspects, the pagingrecord at UE 210 may need to be updated to reflect the necessary paging“cause.” Additionally and optionally, for confirmation, UE 210 may usethe Msg1 resource for the last time before release.

In some aspects, the resource release may be a one-time release that isbased at least in part on UE 210 waking up early, e.g., UE 210 waking upbefore the scheduled set of resources. For example, in the situationwhere the clock drift of UE 210 causes it to acquire synchronizationsignificantly in advance of the Msg1 data resource, UE 210 may move toEDT/PRACH and release the Msg1 data resource for that instance. In someaspects, this may be more power efficient than UE 210 staying awakeuntil the Msg1 data resource occurs. This release can be explicit (e.g.,UE 210 transmitting an indication of “I don't need that resource”) orimplicit (e.g., if UE 210 initiates a connection T seconds before theresource, then the resource is automatically released).

In some aspects, the resource release and/or configured set of resourcesmay be associated with various access functions, e.g., handover, cellreselection, and the like. For example, the configured set of resourcesmay generally be considered single-cell only (e.g., if UE 210 movesaround, it loses its TA). Accordingly, it may be beneficial for UE 210to stay within the coverage area as long as possible in the cell inwhich it has resources (e.g., within the coverage area base station205). Accordingly, in some aspects, cell reselection may take intoaccount the fact that UE 210 has the configured set of resources withbase station 205. For example, when evaluating the S criteria, orranking for cell reselection, the cell in which UE 210 has a valid TAand/or valid resources may be given an additional offset. As onenon-limiting example, legacy UEs use the following equations for cellreselection:

R _(s) =X _(meas,s) +Q _(Hyst) −Qoffset_(temp) +Qoffset_(SCPTM)

R _(n) =Q _(meas,n) −Qoffset−Qoffset_(temp) +Qoffset_(SCPTM)

In some aspects, an additional offset Q_grantFree variable may be addedto the serving cell ranking R_s (e.g., the ranking for base station 205)if UE 210 has resources in that serving cell. The value of Q_grantFreemay be fixed (e.g., preconfigured), signaled in a SIB message, orsignaled to UE 210 when UE 210 is assigned the resources.

Additionally or alternatively, aspects of the described techniques maybe utilized to allow base station 205 to transition UE 210 back to theconnected state. For example, owing to the fact that UE 210 (which iscapable of performing uplink Msg1 data transmissions in grant-freeresources, e.g., performing grant-free uplink transmissions using theset of resources) has a valid TA, in addition to resource management andresource release via the procedures described above, during the courseof Msg1 data-related communications (including RRC negotiations), basestation 205 may (via RRC) directly send UE 210 to the connected state,by skipping PRACH. In some aspects, this may essentially be an “RRCConnection Setup” that may be signaled as part of the Msg1 negotiationand communication process. This RRC Connection Setup can be received asa response to Msg1 data (alternatively, RRC Connection Release may bereceived if base station 205 only wants to acknowledge the transmitteddata).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a method 300 that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Insome examples, method 300 may implement aspects of wirelesscommunication systems 100/200. Aspects of method 300 may be implementedby a base station and/or UE, which may be examples of correspondingdevices described herein.

At 305, a set of resources may be configured for the UE to use forperforming grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating ina disconnected state (e.g., in RRC idle or inactive state). In someaspects, the set of resources may be configured using one or more RRCmessages, a MAC CE, or a higher layer signaling message. In someaspects, the set of resources may be configured while the UE isoperating in a connected state (e.g., in an RRC connected state) and/ormay be configured upon release from the connected state.

In some aspects, the set of resources may include one or more timeand/or frequency resources for the UE to use for performing thegrant-free uplink transmissions. In some aspects, the set of resourcesmay include one or more DMRS resources (e.g., DMRS sequences andcorresponding data resources, such as PUSCH resources).

At 310, the base station may transmit (and the UE may receive) aconnection release message that generally triggers the UE to transitionfrom the connected state to the disconnected state. In some aspects, theconnection release message may include an RRC connection releasemessage. In some aspects, the connection release message may carry orotherwise convey (explicitly and/or implicitly) a resource indicatorthat indicates or otherwise identifies whether the set of resources areto be used for the grant-free uplink transmissions by the UE whileoperating in the disconnected state. For example, the resource indicatormay include a bit, flag, field, parameter, and the like, which signalsthat the resources are either available for use for grant-free uplinktransmissions or are released (e.g., that the set of resources arede-configured). Accordingly, the UE may use the resource indicator toeither confirm that the set of resources are available for use orrelease the set of resources.

As discussed above, in some examples of the set of resources may beconfigured upon release of the connected state. For example, theresource indicator carried or otherwise conveyed in the connectionrelease message may identify (e.g., configure) the set of resources forthe UE to use to perform grant-free uplink transmissions while operatingin the disconnected state. For example, the resource indicator may carryor otherwise convey an indication of an identifier, an index, and thelike, associated with the set of resources. The UE may use theidentifier/index to determine which resources are to be used forgrant-free uplink transmissions. In some aspects, the resource indicatoridentifying the set of resources may implicitly and/or explicitly conveythe indication of whether or not the resources are available for use.

In some aspects, the resource indicator may be blank or otherwise emptyto implicitly convey an indication of whether the set of resources areavailable for use. For example, the set of resources may be configuredwhile the UE is operating in the connected state, where suchconfiguration indicates that the resources are available. In thisinstance, the resource indicator may implicitly indicate whether the setof resources are available for use during the disconnected state. In oneexample, the resource indicator may be left blank to signal that theresources or available or that the resources are not available.Alternatively, the resource indicator may not be blank (e.g., mayinclude information associated with the set of resources) to signal thatthe resources are available or that the resources are not available. Theparticular configuration and/or use of the resource indicator may beknown by the base station and the UE, in order for each device tounderstand how the configured resource indicator is to beconfigured/interpreted.

The UE may optionally transmit a connection release acknowledgmentmessage in response to the connection release message. The optionalconnection release acknowledgment message may provide an indication tothe base station that the UE received the connection release messageand/or was able to confirm the availability of a set of resources orrelease the set of resources. In some aspects, the base station mayreceive the connection release acknowledgment message and successfullydecode the information contained in the connection releaseacknowledgment message. If the base station is unable to successfullydecode the information, the base station may transmit a retransmissionrequest message to the UE. The UE may initiate a timer and, if noretransmission request message is received during the time periodassociated with timer, the UE may consider that a successfulacknowledgment and therefore transition to the disconnected state uponexpiration of the timer.

Accordingly, at 315 the UE may transition to the disconnected state. At320, the UE may determine whether the set of resources are active orotherwise available for use for performing grant-free uplinktransmissions while the UE is operating in the disconnected state. Forexample, the UE may use the resource indicator carried or otherwiseconveyed in the connection release message to determine whether or notthe resources are available. If the resources are not available, at 325the UE may continue to operate in the disconnected state until the UEtransitions back to a connected state (e.g., due to mobile originateddata being available for uplink transmission, due to receiving atransition request message from the base station, and the like).

If the set of resources are available or otherwise active for use, at330 the UE may determine whether there is a need for to perform angrant-free uplink transmission. For example, the UE may determinewhether it has uplink data to transmit to the base station and/orwhether the UE needs to perform UE assistance transmissions (e.g.,request additional resources and/or provide feedback information relatedto the current traffic levels, channel conditions, etc.). When there areno grant-free uplink transmissions to perform, the UE may continue tooperate in the disconnected state at 325 until the UE transitions backto the connected state.

If there are grant-free uplink transmissions to perform while the UE isoperating in the disconnected state, at 335 the UE may perform thegrant-free uplink transmissions to the base station. In some aspects,the grant-free uplink transmissions may be performed using the set ofresources. In some aspects, the grant-free uplink transmission mayinclude uplink data transmissions, a request for additional resources,the traffic level indicator, a Msg1 transmission for an accessprocedure, and the like.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process 400 that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Insome examples, process 400 may implement aspects of wirelesscommunication systems 100/200 and/or method 300. Aspects of process 400may be implement a by UE 405 and/or base station 410, which may beexamples of corresponding devices described herein.

At 415, base station 410 may configure a set of resources for UE 405 touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while UE 405 is operating in thedisconnected state. In some aspects, the set of resources may include aDMRS identifier and a corresponding DMRS resource (e.g., PUSCH resource)to use for the grant-free uplink transmissions. In some aspects, theDMRS identifier may include or otherwise refer to a DMRS sequence, acyclic shift, a frequency domain comb pattern, an orthogonal cover codepattern spread across time, and/or a Zadoff-Chu root.

At 420, base station 410 may transmit (and UE 405 may receive) aconnection release message. In some aspects, the connection releasemessage may carry or otherwise convey an indication of a resourceindicator that indicates or otherwise signals whether the set ofresources are to be used for the grant-free uplink transmissions by UE405 while operating in the disconnected state. For example, base station410 may configure the resource indicator to implicitly and/or explicitlyindicate information associated with a set of resources. That is, theresource indicator may implicitly and/or explicitly be configured toallow UE 405 to either confirm that the set of resources are availablefor use or to release the set of resources.

In some aspects, the resource indicator may be used to configure the setof resources. For example, the resource indicator may identify (e.g.,configure) the set of resources for UE 405 to use to perform thegrant-free uplink transmissions.

At 425, UE 405 may transition from a connected state to a disconnectedstate based at least in part on the connection release message. In someaspects, the connected state may include an RRC connected or activestate, whereas the disconnected state may include an RRC idle stateand/or an RRC inactive state.

At 430, UE 405 may perform grant-free uplink transmissions using the setof resources while operating in the disconnected state. In some aspects,the grant-free uplink transmissions may include uplink datatransmissions, a request for additional resources, the traffic levelindication, a channel performance metric, a Msg1 transmission, and thelike.

In some aspects, the base station 410 may transmit (not shown) one ormore messages to UE 405 that the releases (e.g., de-configures) the setof resources and/or reconfigures one or more of the parametersassociated with a set of resources. For example, base station 410 maytransmit a message that releases the set of resources using ACB, paging,cell reselection, and the like, with respect to UE 405. In some aspects,the base station 410 may transmit (now shown) one or more messages to UE405 that reconfigures (e.g., adjusts) one or more parameters of the setof resources.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Thedevice 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein.The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a communications manager 515,and a transmitter 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Eachof these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., viaone or more buses).

The receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components ofthe device 505. The receiver 510 may be an example of aspects of thetransceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 510 mayutilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 515 may receive a connection release message,the connection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state,transition from a connected state to a disconnected state based on theconnection release message, and perform, while operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set ofresources. The communications manager 515 may be an example of aspectsof the communications manager 810 described herein.

The communications manager 515, or its sub-components, may beimplemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by aprocessor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executedby a processor, the functions of the communications manager 515, or itssub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described in the present disclosure.

The communications manager 515, or its sub-components, may be physicallylocated at various positions, including being distributed such thatportions of functions are implemented at different physical locations byone or more physical components. In some examples, the communicationsmanager 515, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinctcomponent in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.In some examples, the communications manager 515, or its sub-components,may be combined with one or more other hardware components, includingbut not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, anetwork server, another computing device, one or more other componentsdescribed in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 520 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 505. In some examples, the transmitter 520 may becollocated with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 520 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 520 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Thedevice 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, or a UE 115 asdescribed herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, acommunications manager 615, and a transmitter 635. The device 605 mayalso include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components ofthe device 605. The receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of thetransceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 610 mayutilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 515 as described herein. The communicationsmanager 615 may include a connection release manager 620, a transitionmanager 625, and an AUL manager 630. The communications manager 615 maybe an example of aspects of the communications manager 810 describedherein.

The connection release manager 620 may receive a connection releasemessage, the connection release message including a resource indicatorindicating that a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state.

The transition manager 625 may transition from a connected state to adisconnected state based on the connection release message.

The AUL manager 630 may perform, while operating in the disconnectedstate, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources.

The transmitter 635 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 635 may becollocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 635 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 635 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 705 thatsupports resource management, access control and mobility for grant-freeuplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The communications manager 705 may be an example of aspectsof a communications manager 515, a communications manager 615, or acommunications manager 810 described herein. The communications manager705 may include a connection release manager 710, a transition manager715, an AUL manager 720, an explicit indication manager 725, an implicitindication manager 730, an acknowledgement manager 735, an UE assistancemanager 740, a handover manager 745, a release manager 750, areconfiguration manager 755, and a state-based resource manager 760.Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses).

The connection release manager 710 may receive a connection releasemessage, the connection release message including a resource indicatorindicating that a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state.

In some cases, the set of resources include a DMRS identifier andcorresponding DMRS resource to use for the grant-free uplinktransmission, the DMRS identifier including at least one of a DMRSsequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain comb pattern, or anorthogonal cover code pattern across time, or a Zadoff-Chu root, or acombination thereof.

In some cases, the connection release message includes the resourceindicator identifying the set of resources.

The transition manager 715 may transition from a connected state to adisconnected state based on the connection release message. In someexamples, the transition manager 715 may receive, from the base station,a transition request message. In some examples, the transition manager715 may transition to the connected state based on the transitionrequest message.

The AUL manager 720 may perform, while operating in the disconnectedstate, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources.In some cases, the grant-free uplink transmissions include a RACH Msg1transmission.

The explicit indication manager 725 may determine that the resourceindicator in the connection release message indicates informationassociated with the set of resources. In some examples, the explicitindication manager 725 may confirm, based on the determining, that theset of resources are available to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state. In someexamples, the explicit indication manager 725 may release, based on thedetermining, the set of resources to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.

The implicit indication manager 730 may determine that the resourceindicator in the connection release message implicitly indicatesinformation associated with the set of resources. In some examples, theimplicit indication manager 730 may release, based on the determining,the set of resources to use for grant-free uplink transmissions whileoperating in the disconnected state. In some examples, the implicitindication manager 730 may confirm, based on the determining, that theset of resources are available to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.

The acknowledgement manager 735 may transmit a connection releaseacknowledgment message responsive to receiving the connection releasemessage. In some examples, the acknowledgement manager 735 may determinethat a retransmission request message was not received from the basestation during a time period. In some examples, the acknowledgementmanager 735 may transition to the disconnected state at an end of thetime period based on the determining. In some cases, the time periodincludes at least one of a time period configured by a network entity,or a preconfigured time period, or a combination thereof.

The UE assistance manager 740 may transmit, while operating in theconnected state, at least one of a request for additional resources, ora traffic level indicator, or a combination thereof. In some examples,the UE assistance manager 740 may transmit at least one of a request foradditional resources, or a traffic level indicator, or a combinationthereof, in a UE capability signal. In some cases, the grant-free uplinktransmissions include at least one of a request for additionalresources, or a traffic level indicator, or a combination thereof.

The handover manager 745 may perform a handover from the base station toa neighboring base station. In some examples, the handover manager 745may transmit an indication that the set of resources are to beconfigured by the neighboring base station in response to the UEperforming the handover. In some examples, the handover manager 745 mayadjust a cell reselection parameter based on the set of resources beingconfigured for use for grant-free uplink transmissions. In some cases,the indication is transmitted in a RRC message or in a disconnectedstate release/keep alive message.

The release manager 750 may determine that the set of resource areunused for a time period. In some examples, the release manager 750 mayrelease the set of resources based on the determining. In some examples,the release manager 750 may receive a release message from the basestation de-configuring the set of resources. In some examples, therelease manager 750 may determine that a clock drift level has degradedbelow a threshold level. In some examples, the release manager 750 mayrelease the set of resource based on the determining.

The reconfiguration manager 755 may receive a reconfiguration messagefrom the base station reconfiguring one or more parameters associatedwith the set of resources.

The state-based resource manager 760 may receive, while the UE isoperating in the connected state, a message configuring the set ofresources to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions, where resourceindicator identifies whether the set of resources are activated.

In some cases, the set of resources include a DMRS identifier andcorresponding DMRS resource to use for the grant-free uplinktransmission, the DMRS identifier including at least one of a DMRSsequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain comb pattern, or anorthogonal cover code pattern across time, or a Zadoff-Chu root, or acombination thereof. In some cases, the message includes a radioresource control message.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 thatsupports resource management, access control and mobility for grant-freeuplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include thecomponents of device 505, device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein.The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and datacommunications including components for transmitting and receivingcommunications, including a communications manager 810, an I/Ocontroller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, memory 830, and aprocessor 840. These components may be in electronic communication viaone or more buses (e.g., bus 845).

The communications manager 810 may receive a connection release message,the connection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state,transition from a connected state to a disconnected state based on theconnection release message, and perform, while operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set ofresources.

The I/O controller 815 may manage input and output signals for thedevice 805. The I/O controller 815 may also manage peripherals notintegrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I/O controller 815may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may utilize an operating systemsuch as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, oranother known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 815may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, atouchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 815may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user mayinteract with the device 805 via the I/O controller 815 or via hardwarecomponents controlled by the I/O controller 815.

The transceiver 820 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, thetransceiver 820 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicatebi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 820may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide themodulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulatepackets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 825.However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 825,which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiplewireless transmissions.

The memory 830 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 830 may storecomputer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructionsthat, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functionsdescribed herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may contain, among otherthings, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operationsuch as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, anFPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logiccomponent, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memoryarray using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller maybe integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may beconfigured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory(e.g., the memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform variousfunctions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting resource management,access control and mobility for grant-free uplink transmission).

The code 835 may include instructions to implement aspects of thepresent disclosure, including instructions to support wirelesscommunications. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory.In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by theprocessor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled andexecuted) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Thedevice 905 may be an example of aspects of a base station 105 asdescribed herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, acommunications manager 915, and a transmitter 920. The device 905 mayalso include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components ofthe device 905. The receiver 910 may be an example of aspects of thetransceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 910may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 915 may configure a set of resources for a UEto use for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating ina disconnected state, transmit a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state, and receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE. The communicationsmanager 915 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager1210 described herein.

The communications manager 915, or its sub-components, may beimplemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by aprocessor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executedby a processor, the functions of the communications manager 915, or itssub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described in the present disclosure.

The communications manager 915, or its sub-components, may be physicallylocated at various positions, including being distributed such thatportions of functions are implemented at different physical locations byone or more physical components. In some examples, the communicationsmanager 915, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinctcomponent in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.In some examples, the communications manager 915, or its sub-components,may be combined with one or more other hardware components, includingbut not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, anetwork server, another computing device, one or more other componentsdescribed in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 920 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 may becollocated with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 920 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 920 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Thedevice 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905, or a basestation 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver1010, a communications manager 1015, and a transmitter 1035. The device1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to resourcemanagement, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components ofthe device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be an example of aspects of thetransceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 1010may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The communications manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 915 as described herein. The communicationsmanager 1015 may include a resource manager 1020, a connection releasemanager 1025, and an AUL manager 1030. The communications manager 1015may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 1210described herein.

The resource manager 1020 may configure a set of resources for a UE touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state.

The connection release manager 1025 may transmit a connection releasemessage that includes a resource indicator to the UE, the resourceindicator indicating the set of resources configured for the UE, theconnection release message transitioning the UE from a connected stateto the disconnected state.

The AUL manager 1030 may receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE.

The transmitter 1035 may transmit signals generated by other componentsof the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1035 may becollocated with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example,the transmitter 1035 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 1035 mayutilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a communications manager 1105 thatsupports resource management, access control and mobility for grant-freeuplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The communications manager 1105 may be an example of aspectsof a communications manager 915, a communications manager 1015, or acommunications manager 1210 described herein. The communications manager1105 may include a resource manager 1110, a connection release manager1115, an AUL manager 1120, an implicit indication manager 1125, anexplicit indication manager 1130, an acknowledgement manager 1135, an UEassistance manager 1140, a handover manager 1145, a release manager1150, a reconfiguration manager 1155, a transition manager 1160, and astate-based resource manager 1165. Each of these modules maycommunicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one ormore buses).

The resource manager 1110 may configure a set of resources for a UE touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state.

The connection release manager 1115 may transmit a connection releasemessage that includes a resource indicator to the UE, the resourceindicator indicating the set of resources configured for the UE, theconnection release message transitioning the UE from a connected stateto the disconnected state. In some cases, the set of resources include aDMRS identifier and corresponding DMRS resource to use for thegrant-free uplink transmission, the DMRS identifier including at leastone of a DMRS sequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain combpattern, or an orthogonal cover code pattern across time, or aZadoff-Chu root, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the connectionrelease message includes the resource indicator identifying the set ofresources.

The AUL manager 1120 may receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE.

The implicit indication manager 1125 may configure the resourceindicator in the connection release message to implicitly indicateinformation associated with the set of resources. In some examples, theimplicit indication manager 1125 may release, based on the configuring,the set of resources. In some examples, the implicit indication manager1125 may confirm, based on the configuring, that the set of resourcesare available to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while operatingin the disconnected state.

The explicit indication manager 1130 may configure the resourceindicator in the connection release message to indicate informationassociated with the set of resources. In some examples, the explicitindication manager 1130 may confirm, based on the configuring, that theset of resources are available to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while the UE is operating in the disconnected state. Insome examples, the explicit indication manager 1130 may release, basedon the configuring, the set of resources.

The acknowledgement manager 1135 may receive a connection releaseacknowledgment message responsive to transmitting the connection releasemessage.

The UE assistance manager 1140 may receive, while the UE is operating inthe connected state, at least one of a request for additional resources,or a traffic level indicator, or a combination thereof. In someexamples, the UE assistance manager 1140 may receive at least one of arequest for additional resources, or a traffic level indicator, or acombination thereof, in a UE capability signal. In some cases, thegrant-free uplink transmissions includes at least one of a request foradditional resources, a traffic level indicator, or a combinationthereof.

The handover manager 1145 may determine that the UE has performed ahandover from the base station to a neighboring base station. In someexamples, the handover manager 1145 may transmit an indication that theset of resources are released in response to the UE performing thehandover.

The release manager 1150 may determine that the set of resource areunused for a time period. In some examples, the release manager 1150 mayrelease the set of resources based on the determining. In some examples,the release manager 1150 may transmit a release message to the UEde-configuring the set of resources. In some examples, the releasemanager 1150 may determine that the UE is associated with a definedaccess class, where the release message is transmitted based on thedetermining. In some examples, the release manager 1150 may determinethat the UE has transitioned from the disconnected state to theconnected state, where the release message is transmitted based on thedetermining. In some examples, determining that a paging message is tobe transmitted to the UE, where the release message is transmitted basedon the determining and the paging message includes the release message.For example, the paging message may carry or otherwise indicate a newpaging “cause”

The reconfiguration manager 1155 may transmit a reconfiguration messageto the UE reconfiguring one or more parameters associated with the setof resources.

The transition manager 1160 may transmit, to the UE, a transitionrequest message.

The state-based resource manager 1165 may transmit, while the UE isoperating in the connected state, a message configuring the set ofresources to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions, where resourceindicator identifies whether the set of resources are activated.

In some cases, the set of resources include a DMRS identifier andcorresponding DMRS resource to use for the grant-free uplinktransmission, the DMRS identifier including at least one of a DMRSsequence, or a cyclic shift, or a frequency-domain comb pattern, or anorthogonal cover code pattern across time, or a Zadoff-Chu root, or acombination thereof. In some cases, the message includes a radioresource control message.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 thatsupports resource management, access control and mobility for grant-freeuplink transmission in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of or include thecomponents of device 905, device 1005, or a base station 105 asdescribed herein. The device 1205 may include components forbi-directional voice and data communications including components fortransmitting and receiving communications, including a communicationsmanager 1210, a network communications manager 1215, a transceiver 1220,an antenna 1225, memory 1230, a processor 1240, and an inter-stationcommunications manager 1245. These components may be in electroniccommunication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1250).

The communications manager 1210 may configure a set of resources for aUE to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operatingin a disconnected state, transmit a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state, and receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE.

The network communications manager 1215 may manage communications withthe core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). Forexample, the network communications manager 1215 may manage the transferof data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

The transceiver 1220 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, thetransceiver 1220 may represent a wireless transceiver and maycommunicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. Thetransceiver 1220 may also include a modem to modulate the packets andprovide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and todemodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1225.However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1225,which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiplewireless transmissions.

The memory 1230 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Thememory 1230 may store computer-readable code 1235 including instructionsthat, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor 1240) cause thedevice to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, thememory 1230 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may controlbasic hardware or software operation such as the interaction withperipheral components or devices.

The processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, anFPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logiccomponent, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).In some cases, the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memoryarray using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller maybe integrated into processor 1240. The processor 1240 may be configuredto execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., thememory 1230) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions(e.g., functions or tasks supporting resource management, access controland mobility for grant-free uplink transmission).

The inter-station communications manager 1245 may manage communicationswith other base station 105, and may include a controller or schedulerfor controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with otherbase stations 105. For example, the inter-station communications manager1245 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for variousinterference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or jointtransmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager1245 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wirelesscommunication network technology to provide communication between basestations 105.

The code 1235 may include instructions to implement aspects of thepresent disclosure, including instructions to support wirelesscommunications. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory.In some cases, the code 1235 may not be directly executable by theprocessor 1240 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled andexecuted) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Theoperations of method 1300 may be implemented by a UE 115 or itscomponents as described herein. For example, the operations of method1300 may be performed by a communications manager as described withreference to FIGS. 5 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a setof instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At 1305, the UE may receive a connection release message, the connectionrelease message including a resource indicator indicating that a set ofresources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UEwhile operating in a disconnected state. The operations of 1305 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In some examples,aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a connectionrelease manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8.

At 1310, the UE may transition from a connected state to a disconnectedstate based on the connection release message. The operations of 1310may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by atransition manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8.

At 1315, the UE may perform, while operating in the disconnected state,the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources. Theoperations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods describedherein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may beperformed by an AUL manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5through 8.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Theoperations of method 1400 may be implemented by a UE 115 or itscomponents as described herein. For example, the operations of method1400 may be performed by a communications manager as described withreference to FIGS. 5 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a setof instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At 1405, the UE may receive a connection release message, the connectionrelease message including a resource indicator indicating that a set ofresources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UEwhile operating in a disconnected state. The operations of 1405 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In some examples,aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a connectionrelease manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8.

At 1410, the UE may transition from a connected state to a disconnectedstate based on the connection release message. The operations of 1410may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by atransition manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8.

At 1415, the UE may perform, while operating in the disconnected state,the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources. Theoperations of 1415 may be performed according to the methods describedherein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may beperformed by an AUL manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5through 8.

At 1420, the UE may transmit a connection release acknowledgment messageresponsive to receiving the connection release message. The operationsof 1420 may be performed according to the methods described herein. Insome examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by anacknowledgement manager as described with reference to FIGS. 5 through8.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Theoperations of method 1500 may be implemented by a base station 105 orits components as described herein. For example, the operations ofmethod 1500 may be performed by a communications manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 9 through 12. In some examples, a base stationmay execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements ofthe base station to perform the functions described below. Additionallyor alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functionsdescribed below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1505, the base station may configure a set of resources for a UE touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state. The operations of 1505 may be performed according tothe methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of theoperations of 1505 may be performed by a resource manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

At 1510, the base station may transmit a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state. The operations of 1510 may be performed according tothe methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of theoperations of 1510 may be performed by a connection release manager asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

At 1515, the base station may receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE. The operations of 1515may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by an AULmanager as described with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supportsresource management, access control and mobility for grant-free uplinktransmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Theoperations of method 1600 may be implemented by a base station 105 orits components as described herein. For example, the operations ofmethod 1600 may be performed by a communications manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 9 through 12. In some examples, a base stationmay execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements ofthe base station to perform the functions described below. Additionallyor alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functionsdescribed below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1605, the base station may configure a set of resources for a UE touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state. The operations of 1605 may be performed according tothe methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of theoperations of 1605 may be performed by a resource manager as describedwith reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

At 1610, the base station may transmit a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state. The operations of 1610 may be performed according tothe methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of theoperations of 1610 may be performed by a connection release manager asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

At 1615, the base station may receive, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE. The operations of 1615may be performed according to the methods described herein. In someexamples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by an AULmanager as described with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12.

At 1620, the base station may determine that the UE has performed ahandover from the base station to a neighboring base station. Theoperations of 1620 may be performed according to the methods describedherein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may beperformed by a handover manager as described with reference to FIGS. 9through 12.

At 1625, the base station may transmit an indication that the set ofresources are released in response to the UE performing the handover.The operations of 1625 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625may be performed by a handover manager as described with reference toFIGS. 9 through 12.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possibleimplementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearrangedor otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA),time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access(FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), singlecarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems.A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000,Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000,IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referredto as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to asCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includesWideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system mayimplement a radio technology such as Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM).

An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra MobileBroadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS). LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are releasesof UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR,and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rdGeneration Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are describedin documents from an organization named “3rd Generation PartnershipProject 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for thesystems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as other systemsand radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NRsystem may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, thetechniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro,or NR applications.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g.,several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs115 with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cellmay be associated with a lower-powered base station 105, as comparedwith a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different(e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells. Smallcells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according tovarious examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographicarea and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with servicesubscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover asmall geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted accessby UEs 115 having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 115 in aclosed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 for users in the home, and thelike). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNBfor a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, afemto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two,three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support communicationsusing one or multiple component carriers.

The wireless communications system 100 or systems described herein maysupport synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronousoperation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame timing, andtransmissions from different base stations 105 may be approximatelyaligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 mayhave different frame timing, and transmissions from different basestations 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described hereinmay be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any ofa variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data,instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chipsthat may be referenced throughout the description may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection withthe disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discretegate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to thenature of software, functions described herein can be implemented usingsoftware executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storagemedia and communication media including any medium that facilitatestransfer of a computer program from one place to another. Anon-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media mayinclude random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, compactdisk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium thatcan be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form ofinstructions or data structures and that can be accessed by ageneral-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose orspecial-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed acomputer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmittedfrom a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable,fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then thecoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wirelesstechnologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in thedefinition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laserdisc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk andBlu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, whilediscs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the aboveare also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items(e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or“one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, alist of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BCor ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “basedon” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions.For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on conditionA” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, asused herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manneras the phrase “based at least in part on.”

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label, or othersubsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appendeddrawings, describes example configurations and does not represent allthe examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of theclaims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example,instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous overother examples.” The detailed description includes specific details forthe purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques.These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shownin block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of thedescribed examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the artto make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosurewill be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the genericprinciples defined herein may be applied to other variations withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is notlimited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to beaccorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communication at a userequipment (UE), comprising: receiving a connection release message, theconnection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state;transitioning from a connected state to a disconnected state based atleast in part on the connection release message; and performing, whileoperating in the disconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissionsusing the set of resources, wherein the set of resources are releasedupon one or more conditions satisfying a threshold.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining that the resource indicator inthe connection release message indicates information associated with theset of resources.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:releasing, based at least in part on the determining, the set ofresources to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while operating inthe disconnected state.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining that the resource indicator in the connection releasemessage implicitly indicates information associated with the set ofresources.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: releasing,based at least in part on the determining, the set of resources to usefor grant-free uplink transmissions while operating in the disconnectedstate.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining thatthe set of resource are unused for a time period, wherein the set ofresources are considered to have been released by the base station basedat least in part on the determining.
 7. The method of claim 6, furthercomprising: receiving a signal from the base station configuring thetime period.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determiningthat the set of resource are unused for a threshold number oftransmission occasions, wherein the set of resources are considered tohave been released by the base station based at least in part on thedetermining.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: receiving asignal from the base station configuring the threshold number oftransmission occasions.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving a release message from the base station de-configuring the setof resources.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determiningthat a clock drift level has degraded below a threshold level, whereinthe set of resources are considered to have been released by the basestation based at least in part on the determining.
 12. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining that no acknowledgement for thegrant-free uplink transmission was receive from the base station,wherein the set of resources are considered to have been released by thebase station based at least in part on the determining.
 13. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: determining that the UE has no data fortransmission in the grant-free uplink transmission; and transmitting,based at least in part on the UE having no data for transmission, adummy payload as the grant-free uplink transmission to preserve the setof resources.
 14. A method for wireless communication at a base station,comprising: configuring a set of resources for a user equipment (UE) touse for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state; transmitting a connection release message thatincludes a resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicatorindicating the set of resources configured for the UE, the connectionrelease message transitioning the UE from a connected state to thedisconnected state; and receiving, while the UE is operating in thedisconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from the UEusing the set of resources configured for the UE, wherein the set ofresources are released upon one or more conditions satisfying athreshold.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: configuringthe resource indicator in the connection release message to implicitlyindicate information associated with the set of resources.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, further comprising: releasing, based at least inpart on the configuring, the set of resources.
 17. The method of claim14, further comprising: configuring the resource indicator in theconnection release message to indicate information associated with theset of resources.
 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:releasing, based at least in part on the configuring, the set ofresources.
 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising: determiningthat the set of resource are unused for a time period; and releasing theset of resources based at least in part on the determining.
 20. Themethod of claim 19, further comprising: transmitting a signal to the UEconfiguring the time period.
 21. The method of claim 14, furthercomprising: determining that the set of resource are unused for athreshold number of transmission occasions; and releasing the set ofresources based at least in part on the determining.
 22. The method ofclaim 21, further comprising: transmitting a signal to the UEconfiguring the threshold number of transmission occasions.
 23. Themethod of claim 14, further comprising: transmitting a release messageto the UE de-configuring the set of resources.
 24. The method of claim23, further comprising: determining that the UE is associated with adefined access class, wherein the release message is transmitted basedat least in part on the determining.
 25. The method of claim 24, whereinthe defined access class comprises an grant-free uplink resourceconfigured access class.
 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:determining that the UE has transitioned from the disconnected state tothe connected state, wherein the release message is transmitted based atleast in part on the determining.
 27. The method of claim 23, furthercomprising: determining that a paging message is to be transmitted tothe UE, wherein the release message is transmitted based at least inpart on the determining and the paging message comprises the releasemessage.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the paging messagecomprises a resource release cause.
 29. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: a processor, memorycoupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory andexecutable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive aconnection release message, the connection release message including aresource indicator indicating that a set of resources are to be used forgrant-free uplink transmissions by the UE while operating in adisconnected state; transition from a connected state to a disconnectedstate based at least in part on the connection release message; andperform, while operating in the disconnected state, the grant-freeuplink transmissions using the set of resources, wherein the set ofresources are released upon one or more conditions satisfying athreshold.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determinethat the resource indicator in the connection release message indicatesinformation associated with the set of resources.
 31. The apparatus ofclaim 30, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: release, based at least in part onthe determining, the set of resources to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.
 32. Theapparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executableby the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine that the resourceindicator in the connection release message implicitly indicatesinformation associated with the set of resources.
 33. The apparatus ofclaim 32, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: release, based at least in part onthe determining, the set of resources to use for grant-free uplinktransmissions while operating in the disconnected state.
 34. Theapparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executableby the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine that the set ofresource are unused for a time period, wherein the set of resources areconsidered to have been released by the base station based at least inpart on the determining.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: receive a signal from the base station configuring thetime period.
 36. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determinethat the set of resource are unused for a threshold number oftransmission occasions, wherein the set of resources are considered tohave been released by the base station based at least in part on thedetermining.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive asignal from the base station configuring the threshold number oftransmission occasions.
 38. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: receive a release message from the base stationde-configuring the set of resources.
 39. The apparatus of claim 29,wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to: determine that a clock drift level has degradedbelow a threshold level, wherein the set of resources are considered tohave been released by the base station based at least in part on thedetermining.
 40. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determinethat no acknowledgement for the grant-free uplink transmission wasreceive from the base station, wherein the set of resources areconsidered to have been released by the base station based at least inpart on the determining.
 41. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: determine that the UE has no data for transmission in thegrant-free uplink transmission; and transmit, based at least in part onthe UE having no data for transmission, a dummy payload as thegrant-free uplink transmission to preserve the set of resources.
 42. Anapparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising: aprocessor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:configure a set of resources for a user equipment (UE) to use forgrant-free uplink transmissions while the UE is operating in adisconnected state; transmit a connection release message that includesa resource indicator to the UE, the resource indicator indicating theset of resources configured for the UE, the connection release messagetransitioning the UE from a connected state to the disconnected state;and receive, while the UE is operating in the disconnected state, thegrant-free uplink transmissions from the UE using the set of resourcesconfigured for the UE, wherein the set of resources are released uponone or more conditions satisfying a threshold.
 43. The apparatus ofclaim 42, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: configure the resource indicator inthe connection release message to implicitly indicate informationassociated with the set of resources.
 44. The apparatus of claim 43,wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to: release, based at least in part on theconfiguring, the set of resources.
 45. The apparatus of claim 42,wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to: configure the resource indicator in theconnection release message to indicate information associated with theset of resources.
 46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: release, based at least in part on the configuring, theset of resources.
 47. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: determine that the set of resource are unused for a timeperiod; and release the set of resources based at least in part on thedetermining.
 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmita signal to the UE configuring the time period.
 49. The apparatus ofclaim 42, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: determine that the set of resourceare unused for a threshold number of transmission occasions; and releasethe set of resources based at least in part on the determining.
 50. Themethod of claim 49, wherein the instructions are further executable bythe processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a signal to the UEconfiguring the threshold number of transmission occasions.
 51. Theapparatus of claim 42, wherein the instructions are further executableby the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a release messageto the UE de-configuring the set of resources.
 52. The apparatus ofclaim 51, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: determine that the UE is associatedwith a defined access class, wherein the release message is transmittedbased at least in part on the determining.
 53. The apparatus of claim52, wherein the defined access class comprises an grant-free uplinkresource configured access class.
 54. The apparatus of claim 51, whereinthe instructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: determine that the UE has transitioned from thedisconnected state to the connected state, wherein the release messageis transmitted based at least in part on the determining.
 55. Theapparatus of claim 51, wherein the instructions are further executableby the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine that a pagingmessage is to be transmitted to the UE, wherein the release message istransmitted based at least in part on the determining and the pagingmessage comprises the release message.
 56. The apparatus of claim 55,wherein the paging message comprises a resource release cause.
 57. Anapparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE),comprising: means for receiving a connection release message, theconnection release message including a resource indicator indicatingthat a set of resources are to be used for grant-free uplinktransmissions by the UE while operating in a disconnected state; meansfor transitioning from a connected state to a disconnected state basedat least in part on the connection release message; and means forperforming, while operating in the disconnected state, the grant-freeuplink transmissions using the set of resources, wherein the set ofresources are released upon one or more conditions satisfying athreshold.
 58. An apparatus for wireless communication at a basestation, comprising: means for configuring a set of resources for a userequipment (UE) to use for grant-free uplink transmissions while the UEis operating in a disconnected state; means for transmitting aconnection release message that includes a resource indicator to the UE,the resource indicator indicating the set of resources configured forthe UE, the connection release message transitioning the UE from aconnected state to the disconnected state; and means for receiving,while the UE is operating in the disconnected state, the grant-freeuplink transmissions from the UE using the set of resources configuredfor the UE, wherein the set of resources are released upon one or moreconditions satisfying a threshold.
 59. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at auser equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to: receive a connection release message, the connectionrelease message including a resource indicator indicating that a set ofresources are to be used for grant-free uplink transmissions by the UEwhile operating in a disconnected state; transition from a connectedstate to a disconnected state based at least in part on the connectionrelease message; and perform, while operating in the disconnected state,the grant-free uplink transmissions using the set of resources, whereinthe set of resources are released upon one or more conditions satisfyinga threshold.
 60. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing codefor wireless communication at a base station, the code comprisinginstructions executable by a processor to: configure a set of resourcesfor a user equipment (UE) to use for grant-free uplink transmissionswhile the UE is operating in a disconnected state; transmit a connectionrelease message that includes a resource indicator to the UE, theresource indicator indicating the set of resources configured for theUE, the connection release message transitioning the UE from a connectedstate to the disconnected state; and receive, while the UE is operatingin the disconnected state, the grant-free uplink transmissions from theUE using the set of resources configured for the UE, wherein the set ofresources are released upon one or more conditions satisfying athreshold.